Passover (Hebrew, Yiddish: פֶּסַח Pesach, Tiberian: [pesaħ] (
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Every year, on the 15th day of the Hebrew month of Nissan, Jews worldwide commemorate the birth of the Jewish nation by celebrating Passover.
After 410 years of slavery in Egypt, Moses told Pharaoh that he must “Let My People Go.” Each time Pharaoh refused to release the Israelites, God brought another plague upon the Egyptians. The tenth and final plague was the death of firstborn children. In executing this plague, God passed through the land of Egypt, but “passed over” Jewish homes. Thus, the holiday is called Passover. The Israelites were then released from bondage. But the Israelites only truly became free when, 50 days after the Exodus, they accepted the Torah from God at Mount Sinai. Thus, the Jewish nation was born. Every Passover, we are commanded to tell the Passover story.
On Passover we celebrate more than just a historical event. We celebrate our freedom as Jews. Just as God redeemed our ancestors from bitter slavery, today God redeems us from evil and grants us moral freedom. Just as God granted our ancestors the Ten Commandments, today God expects us to realize the purpose of having been the chosen recipients of these laws.
If you take it one step at a time, there is no reason to feel overwhelmed by Passover preparation.
The 10 steps of Passover 1. Cleaning
Before Passover, the house needs to be cleaned so that all chametz (leavened products) are removed. Don’t forget the bag of baby crackers in your diaper bag.
Aish HaTorah offers a comprehensive Passover Cleaning Guide.
2. Sabbath
Before you have looked up from the dusting, Shabbat HaGadol, the Shabbat before Passover, arrives. It is called Shabbat HaGadol because it marks the beginning of the redemption.
On the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Nissan (the Shabbat before the exodus on the fifteenth of Nissan), the Israelites in Egypt prepared the Pesach-lamb (Exodus 12:3). When their neighbors asked them what they were doing, the Israelites explained that the lambs would be sacrificed on the fourteenth of Nissan, just before G-d would slay the firstborn of Egypt.
This frightened the firstborn children of Egypt. They begged their parents and Pharaoh to release the Israelites. When their request was denied, they rose in armed revolt. As a result numerous enemies of the Israelites were killed.
3. Shopping
Then it’s time to run to the store to get all those specialty Passover foods and products. So many kosher for Passover cakes, cookies, and cereals. One can almost last the whole week without missing chametz too much. At the same time, these specialty Passover products tend to be expensive and fattening. If you want to keep your money with you and extra pounds off you, buy extra fruits and vegetables to eat during Passover.
What you will be serving for the seder? What dishes do you plan to make during the week?
4. Cooking
Now that the house is stocked, it is time to start to cook for the Seder. Better put aside at least 2 days to cook for the Seder, as many of the dishes are not ones you do everyday and you may be lacking some of the accessories with which you usually cook. While cooking, be careful to keep the remaining chametz you have in the house in a separate area.
5. Selling the Chametz
We are commanded to have no chametz in our possession during Passover. Our rabbis have made it possible for us to sell this chametz to a non-Jew prior to the holiday.
Generally, we sell the chametz to a Rabbi who in turn acts as an agent and sells it to a non-Jew. The sale is real in that the non-Jew can actually get the chametz if he/she wants. And if the non-Jew decides to keep the chametz, then he/she must pay for it after the holiday.
You can use this Official Online Form for Selling Chametz to sell your chametz before Passover.
6. Searching for Chametz
Finally it is the night before Passover, and it is time to gather your family in your sparkling clean home for Bidikat Chametz. Once all the chametz in the house is found and burned, we are ready for the Passover Seder.
7. Planning the Seder
What Haggadah will you be using? There are a variety of Haggadot, including several online which can be printed, and each one has a different influence on the seder service.
Will there be children at the seder? Perhaps they can make place cards to put on the table so everyone will know where they will be sitting? Or they can make pictures of the Passover story to hang in the dining room. During the seder itself, make sure there are opportunities for the children to participate. Did the little ones practice singing the Four Questions? Did the older ones learn something about Passover at school which they can share with everyone at the table? Perhaps you can prepare some questions about the Passover story to ask the children during the seder.
Is there something you can do to make the seder this year especially memorable? Our neighbor dressed up like Elijah, and when it was time to open the door for Elijah he walked in, drank the cup of wine, and left. A few years ago, friends of mine asked all their guests to dress up like desert nomads. Then they conducted their seder on the floor as if they were in a tent in the desert.
8. Preparing the Passover Plate
It is important to prepare the six symbolic items - zeroa, beitza, karpas, maror, chazeret, charoset - which should go on the seder plate. See this quick, step-by-step page on How to Prepare the Seder Plate.
9. Setting the Passover Table
The following is needed to set the table for the Passover Seder:
- festive tablecloth and napkins
- kosher for Passover dishes, flatware, water glasses, and wine glasses
- small dishes of salt water for dipping
- enough bottles of wine and grape juice for each person to have four cups
- a special wine cup reserved for Elijah
- a plate with 3 pieces of matzah on it and a cover over it
- seder plate
- Haggadot
Each place setting should include a plate, flatware, a water glass, a wine glass, and a Haggadah. Soup bowls can be kept in the kitchen and used to serve the soup. The salt water dishes and wine or grape juice bottles should be spread out on the table so everyone can reach them. An empty wine glass should be placed in the middle of the table for Elijah. On the plate of the person who will lead the reading of the Haggadah, first place the plate with the three pieces of matzah, and then put the seder plate on top.
10. Pesach Kasher!
Make your seder a memorable and enjoyable experience for the whole family. A nap before the seder is recommended for all, not just the kids, so that everyone arrives to the seder with good energy and spirit. During the seder, make sure everyone is involved and feeling a part of the story of the exodus.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover
• http://judaism.about.com/od/passover/a/all_pesach.htm
• http://judaism.about.com/od/passover/a/prep_steps.htm
• http://www.jewishtreats.org/search/label/Passover
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Pascua Hebrea (El Passover)
El Passover es la celebración del éxodo de los judíos de la esclavitud en Egipto.
La pascua hebrea o Pésaj se celebra durante el mes de Nisán del calendario lunar hebreo (marzo-abril-mayo) y coincide con el inicio de la primavera. En estas fechas se celebra el aniversario de la liberación del pueblo Israelita de la esclavitud en Egipto.
Se la conoce también con otros nombres:
1. Fiesta de la Libertad ( Zemán Jerutenu)
2. Fiesta de la Primavera (Jag Haaviv)
3. Fiesta del pan ázimo (Jag Hamatzot).
El nombre de Pesaj significa “pasar por encima” y hace referencia a que Di’s, pasó de largo por las casas de los hijos de Israel en Egipto cuando hirió a los egipcios, con la ultima plaga de la muerte de los primogénitos. El nombre de Fiesta de la Primavera proviene del hecho que el mes de Nisán coincide con la primavera en Israel.
La denominación de Fiesta del Pan Azimo se refiere al pan ázimo (matzá), que los judíos debieron comer debido a la premura con que salieron de Egipto y que no permitió que el pan que estaban amasando alcanzara a leudar. De ahí que la matzá constituya el símbolo más importante de esta fiesta y se come durante los ocho días que se extiende, estando prohibido comer pan leudado (con levadura) o cualquier otro alimento que pueda fermentar.
Se acostumbra realizar reuniones familiares las dos primeras noches, con una cena tradicional que se llama Séder que significa orden porque se lleva un orden determinado, estando en la mesa se lee la Hagadá que es la narración de la salida de los Hebreos de Egipto de la esclavitud a la libertad.
La narración del Éxodo comprende dos temas principales: uno, las penurias de la esclavitud y el otro, los acontecimientos de la liberación, con hechos prodigiosos como las célebres 10 plagas, o el cruce del Mar Rojo.
Se celebra Pésaj porque a cada nueva generación le corresponde renovar el compromiso de la libertad, superando las barreras del tiempo “Cada generación debe verse a sí misma como si hubiera sido ella la que salió de Egipto”.
Nota: En el calendario Gregoriano la única fiesta que se mueve de fechas es la Semana Santa y cabe mencionar que en la Ultima Cena de Jesús y sus discípulos estaban celebrando la Cena de la Pascua Hebrea.
Así es como las festividades de Pascuas también son particulares, tanto en sus preparativos previos, con la limpieza del hogar, la selección de las comidas y la `búsqueda del Jametz`, como en su desarrollo y en el final.
Las comidas permitidas son, según las guías de Jabad.com, carne, pescado, leche, productos lácteos, aceite, harina de matzá (bajo supervisión rabínica especial para Pesaj), con la inscripción `apto para pésaj`, y frutas y verduras, salvo arvejas, soja, lentejas, choclo, maní, aarroz, garbanzos, chauchas y porotos.
En tanto, está prohibido el pan y sus derivados, masas de cereal, fideos, harina común, licores, whiskys, cerveza, malta, trigo, cebada, centeno, avena, levadura, alcohol de cereal, perfumes, cosméticos, matzá sin supervisión rabínica competente.
Fuentes:• http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml;jsessionid=KANBFJGOGAJZOCWIAAPCFEYKZAAGMIWC?cid=1139628
• http://espanol.news.yahoo.com/s/27032010/104/n-world-pascuas-judias-comienzan-proximo-lunes.html
